Reticulitermes flavipes and reticuli termes grassei. Their ability to feed on a nitrogenpoor, woodbased diet with help from symbiotic microbes has been under investigation for almost a century. Cold tolerance adaptations in the eastern subterranean. The journal of the kansas entomological society provides a forum for entomologists and all other researchers interested in insects or other terrestrial arthropods, their evolution, ecology, behavior, systematics, genetics, physiology, economic uses or control, and conservation. This study investigated saccharification and proteinlevel responses to the candidate biofuel feedstocks corn stover cs and soybean residue sr by the gut of a lower termite. Lab 1 reticulitermes flavipes following an ink line.
Transfer of chlorfenapyr among workers of reticulitermes. An integrative approach based on microsatellites and. Rhinotermitidae were exposed to treated sand at 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm chlorfenapyr wt aiwt sand. The eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes kollar, is the most widely distributed and is found in the entire eastern region of north america as far. Alates of the eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes kollar. Several species are common, like reticulitermes flavipes, reticulitermes virginicus, and reticulitermes hageni. Reticulitermes flavipes eastern subterranean termite recorded in soil under a pine tree,using an accelerometer. Breeding patterns and population genetics of eastern. Termite pictures reticulitermes species termite web. Abstract reticulitermes flavipes, one of the most harmful subterranean termite pests, is reported for the first time from tenerife canary islands.
Woodfeeding termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, represents a highly efficient system for biomass deconstruction and utilization. Social insects such as termites express dramatic polyphenism the occurrence of multiple forms in a species on the basis of differential gene expression both in association with caste differentiation and between castes after differentiation. Map of reticulitermes flavipes sampling locations in france. Reticulitermes flavipes an overview sciencedirect topics. In an ongoing effort to be fiscally responsible, the southern research station srs will no longer produce and distribute hard copies of our publications. Metatranscriptomic profiles of eastern subterranean termites, reticulitermes flavipes kollar fed on second.
A dnabased system for the identification of reticulitermes flavipes koller was established based on the following criteria. Our approach consisted of parallel highthroughput sequencing from i a host. Lowertermites are one of the best studied symbiotic systems in insects. Differential expression of for, fax, and u2af orthologs among. A candidate gene approach using degenerate primers was used to amplify three candidate genes in the termite reticulitermes flavipes. In this study, we used the lower termite reticulitermes flavipes. Termite soldiers were identified by labral shape, and these specimens and associated pseudergates were used in subsequent molecular. They are found in most temperate regions on earth including much of asia and the middle east, western europe, and all of north america. Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone pdf reader. Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from three castes and two life stages of the termite reticulitermes flavipes. Pdf fungi associated with the subterranean termite. Recently, techniques for termite control supported on the fact that the soil ph can be a chief factor in. A new finding of reticulitermes flavipes in northern italy.
Reticulitermes definition is a widely distributed genus of termites that includes several forms common in the u. High occurrence of colony fusion in a european population of the american termite reticulitermes flavipes. Download fulltext pdf fungi associated with the subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes in ontario article pdf available in mycologia 823. The utility of csis, especially diflubenzuron, in controlling termites such as subterranean termite, heterotermes indicola wasmann and eastern subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes kollar, was first demonstrated by doppelreiter and korioth 1981. Jun 01, 2006 the potential for transfer of chlorfenapyr among subterranean termites was investigated using a donorrecipient 5. In a survey of the mycoflora associated with reticulitermes flavipes kollar isoptera. Dnabased identification of the eastern subterranean termite. Unknown mechanisms of reproductive isolation separate them.
Saccharification of agricultural lignocellulose feedstocks. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4. B shows an undertaker ant carrying a dead nestmate out of the nest. Reticulitermes is a widespread genus in the us, occurring in most states, and it is native to north america. Reticulitermes termites play key roles in dead wood decomposition and nutrient cycling in forests. Key words coptotermes formosanus, reticulitermes flavipes, trail pheromone. Particular sex ratios of neotenics are recorded for a number of species. Reticulitermes is a termite genus in the family rhinotermitidae. Cold tolerance adaptations in the eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes subterranean termites are responsible for billions of dollars in damage to structures annually in north america bulmer et al. Reticulitermes flavipes kollar, reticulitermes virginicus banks, reticulitermes hageni banks 5 pest status previously, reticulitermes flavipes was considered the most common subterranean termite pest of florida, but our survey indicated that reticulitermes virginicus is found. Host and symbiont cellulolytic enzymes synergize each other in the termite gut to. United states, the most widely distributed termite is the eastern subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes kollar, native to eastern us and has been. Eastern common subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes.
Reticulitermes definition of reticulitermes by merriamwebster. Reticulitermes flavipes swarmer ventral view, crop. Identifying conehead termite nasutitermes corniger alates b. The cephalic extracts for soldiers of both species contained the identical two major sesquiterpenes which were absent from other castes. Interspecific interactions between coptotermes formosanus and. Reticulitermes flavipes is considered to be one of the most economically important pests of structures in the united states mckern et al.
Elucidating the interplay between hosts and their microbiomes in ecological adaptation has become a central theme in evolutionary biology. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. Read septate gregarines from reticulitermes flavipes and reticulitermes virginicus isoptera. Given the inherent difficulties in studying such cryptic, eusocial organisms it is not perhaps surprising that the literature on their biology has failed to reach a consensus. To file a complaint of discrimination, write to usda, director, office of civil rights, 1400 independence avenue, s. Diagram of expanded reticulitermes flavipes alimentary openi. Here we revisit one of these, reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from singlecell isolates and show that the trichonympha in r. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Queen and king recognition in the subterranean termite. A textbook example of microbiomemediated adaptation is the adaptation of lower termites to a woodbased diet, as they depend on their gut microbiome to digest wood. Flight speed of tethered reticulitermes flavipes kollar isoptera. Genetic structure of reticulitermes flavipes and r. Banks, reticulitermes tibialis banks, and reticulitermes. Two subterranean termite species in the family rhinotermitidae, viz.
Fungi associated with the subterranean termite reticulitermes flavipes in ontario. The objectives of the wood protection research council wprc were to. Metatranscriptomic profiles of eastern subterranean termites, reticulitermes flavipes kollar fed on second generation feedstocks. Rhinotermitidae from terceira island azores, portugal by james w. Termite lignocellulose digestion is achieved through a collaboration of host plus prokaryotic and eukaryotic symbionts. We have used cdna macroarrays to compare gene expression between polyphenic castes and intermediary developmental stages of the termite. Rhinotermitidae colonies in an urban habitat and tracking of colonies following. Invasion dynamics of a termite, reticulitermes flavipes, at different. Metatranscriptomic profiles of eastern subterranean.
Reticulitermes grassei clement is an iberian subterranean termite whose feeding activity can damage both urban infrastructures and oak forests, becoming a main pest. Identifying conehead termite nasutitermes corniger alates. Reticulitermes flavipes kollar has become the most destructive subterranean termite pest, on urban structures in nebraska. The reticulitermes flavipes, more commonly known as the eastern subterranean termite, is located primarily in the continental united states. First report of the invasive reticulitermes flavipes kollar, 1837. In order to reveal the inherent mechanisms for efficient biomass degradation, four different organs salivary glands, foregut. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs. Partial disturbance of resources foraged by reticulitermes.
Transcriptome analysis of the digestive system of a wood. Apr 22, 2015 second generation lignocellulosic feedstocks are being considered as an alternative to first generation biofuels that are derived from grain starches and sugars. Here, we report the highquality draft genome sequences of opitutaceae sp. Identification of eastern united states reticulitermes. Reticulitermes flavipes former santonensis is found in western france, reticulitermes grassei in southwestern france, northwestern and southern spain and portugal, reticulitermes banyulensis in the roussillon region of france and reticulitermes lucifugus in the provence region. Recordings by john green from an accelerometer placed into a laboratory colony of 2000 eastern subterranean termite workers 2. They are subterranean termites and related to coptotermes, both being from the same family of rhinotermitidae. Two new species of the genus reticulitermes isoptera.
Undertaking process displayed by different social insects. Reticulitermes flavipes following an ink line introduction. Decay and termite resistance of medium density fiberboard. Cuticular hydrocarbons and defensive compounds of reticulitermes. Ecological specificity of the metagenome in a set of lower termite. Field colonies of reticulitermes flavipes contained neotenics in varying numbers, yet in. Ecological specificity of the metagenome in a set of lower. Reticulitermes holmgren, 19 insecta, isoptera given precedence over maresa giebel, 1856. Reticulitermes flavipes is an invasive subterranean termite. Reticulitermes flavipes kollar, reticulitermes virginicus.
Septate gregarines from reticulitermes flavipes and. Differential expression of for, fax, and u2af orthologs. Pdf a new finding of reticulitermes flavipes in northern italy. Lower termites have further adapted to different life types. Cellulose baits are important for the early detection of infestation by subterranean termites. Shankarganesh, in ecofriendly pest management for food security, 2016. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The potential for transfer of chlorfenapyr among subterranean termites was investigated using a donorrecipient 5. A unique microbial consortium living in the guts of lower termites is essential for woodfeeding.
Feeding cellulose baits in subterranean termites reticulitermes flavipes. They will be larger than most termite alates, certainly larger than any. To view the article, left click the link immediately below. The physiological and symbiotic relationships between the intestinal protozoa of termites and their host. Read feeding and survival responses of reticulitermes flavipes kollar to extractives of wood from 11 coniferous genera, holzforschung international journal of the biology, chemistry, physics and technology of wood on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. A represents a termite worker dragging a dead nestmate. The subterranean termites in the genus reticulitermes have a complex and plastic life cycle, which has been the subject of a number of publications over the past century. Pdf first record of reticulitermes flavipes isoptera. Survey of termites in the delta experimental forest of. Invasion dynamics of a termite, reticulitermes flavipes. Rhinotermitidae subterranean termite populations in ontario, canada, forty.
In contrast with other species of termites, predation and destruction of colonies of reticulitermes flavipes kollar by ants have been inadequately documented. Species diversity and intraspecific genetic variation of. Metatranscriptomic profiles of eastern subterranean termites. It is invasive in france and is thought to have arrived from louisiana during the 18th century. Florida entomologist an international journal for the americas has published reports of research on insects and other arthropods since 1917.
The physiological and symbiotic relationships between the. Our approach consisted of parallel highthroughput sequencing. However, the detailed mechanisms of lignin modification and carbohydrate degradation in this system are still largely elusive. However, the current pretreatment methods for second generation biofuel production are inefficient and expensive due to the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose. In 1994, it became the first longpublished, refereed, natural science journal to make its content available on the internet and the first journal to use pdf for that purpose. In the present work, we took a combined host and symbiont metatranscriptomic approach for investigating the digestive contributions of host and symbiont in the lower termite reticulitermes flavipes. Mermithid nematode parasites of eastern subterranean termites in north america published on 10 feb 2020 by brill. Reproductives in mature colonies of reticulitermes. The focus termite was reticulitermes flavipes, which is a highly efficient digester of wood lignocellulose that houses a mixture of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in its gut. In consequence, the development of new control methods compatible with the environmental conservation is a priority. Invasion dynamics of a termite, reticulitermes flavipes, at. Reproductive characteristics of imagos of reticulitermes flavipes. Parallel metatranscriptome analyses of host and symbiont gene.
They also damage manmade structures, resulting in considerable economic loss. Diagram of expanded reticulitermes flavipes alimentary tract with immunoreactive axon tracts in green and immunoreactive midgut endocrine cells in blue. Response of the subterranean termite reticulitermes. Feeding and survival responses of reticulitermes flavipes. Parallel metatranscriptome analyses of host and symbiont. To download this article, right click on the link immediately below and choose save target as. A wellknown problem species is the subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Quantitative real time pcr analysis revealed differential expression among termite workers, soldiers, and alates, with a general pattern of higher expression in alates. Pdf reticulitermes flavipes, a holarctic pestiferous subterranean termite species, particularly to. Dnabased identification of the eastern subterranean. Termites are social insects that can also be major pests.
Decay and termite resistance of medium density fiberboard mdf made from different wood. Oct 15, 2009 termite lignocellulose digestion is achieved through a collaboration of host plus prokaryotic and eukaryotic symbionts. Although much research has been carried out into european reticulitermes taxonomy in recent years, there is still much discussion about phylogenetic relationships. Breeding patterns and population genetics of eastern subterranean termites reticulitermes flavipes in urban environment of nebraska, united states. Reticulitermes flavipes, linepithema humile, and apis mellifera are the representative species for termites, ants, and bees, respectively. Subterranean termites an overview sciencedirect topics. Response of the subterranean termite reticulitermes grassei. Reticulitermes flavipes was the common species and constituted 81. Reticulitermes flavipes wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Mostly found in the humid and warm southeastern regions, they borrow and forage in tunnels in areas up to several thousand square miles su 2001. Partial disturbance of resources foraged by reticulitermes flavipes. Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from three. In one experiment, workers of reticulitermes flavipes kollar isoptera. Ants as predators of reticulitermes flavipes 1 academic.
While the putative source of french populations has been identified, little is known about how the termite spread following its establishment. Caste and developmentassociated gene expression in a. Rhinotermitidae, the journal of eukaryotic microbiology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Mermithid nematode parasites of eastern subterranean. Given the inherent difficulties in studying such cryptic, eusocial organisms it is not perhaps surprising that the literature on their biology has failed to reach a consens. This study investigated the evolution from intra to interspecific phylogeny in the island subspecies reticulitermes lucifugus corsicus and threw new light on this phenomenon. It occurs throughout the eastern united states, including texas, and can be found as far north as southern ontario.
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